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What is the Budget Deficit?The budget deficit happens when the government expenditure exceeds its generated revenue and collected taxes. In short, revenue generation + taxes < expenditure.
For example, Steve has a departmental store. The monthly sales of the stores are $1000. However, after paying out employees’ salaries, Steve has to pay taxes and purchase raw materials that exceed his monthly income. He is running on a budget deficit, which indicates his financial health.
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Key Highlights
The Budget Deficit occurs when the government spends more than it gets as revenue, including direct or indirect taxes.
Countries can reduce it by raising taxes and slashing spending.
The policy changes under the monetary and fiscal policies affect it.
Budget Deficit FormulaBudget Deficit = Total Expenditures by the Government − Total Earnings of the government
The government’s total income consists of company tax, personal taxes, stamp fees, etc.
The total expenditure includes social security, healthcare, energy, research, and defense payments.
Examples of Budget Deficit Example #1The US government decided to increase its revenue collections in the year 2023. However, Covid-19 created chaos in the country. A large chunk of the population was out of work. As a result, the US government decided to launch social security schemes for the affected. Through the schemes, the government planned to spend $350 billion on the beneficiary’s scheme. However, the current financial cycle expenditure exceeded the revenue, including collecting taxes. This resulted in a state of Budget Deficit.
Example #2The national budget of the US government is deemed to be 2 Trillion US dollars. However, New York and California states have come up with new Universities that would need funding. The Department of Education allocated $637.70 billion among its 10 sub-components to fund educational programs in FY 2023. If the government plans to spend more on the educational space, it will create a budget deficit because the expenditure exceeds its revenue potential.
Example #3John owns and founded a small, newly established company that produces handmade goods. He decided to buy a factory and other essentials to expand his business. In addition, he was responsible for both hiring and paying the workers. The business made a $200,000 budget surplus in the first year. However, the economy entered a recession the next year, which prevented his firm from growing and only allowed him to sell handicrafts worth $400,000 that year. On the other side, the cost increased to $ 900,000. Now, his business had a $500,000 budget deficit ($900,000 – $400,000).
Causes of Budget DeficitHowever, there are prime scenarios that can affect it:
The disparity between the taxpayers belonging to the higher income and lower income potential
An exponential increase in spending concerning social security, healthcare, and medical Operandi
Increased government welfare to target the needed industries
Tax slash decreases government revenue but increases spending in corporations that would need funds as a corporate social responsibility.
Lower GDP results in lower tax revenues.
How to Reduce Budget Deficits?
Countries tackle it by boosting economic growth through changing fiscal policies, such as slashing government spending and increasing tax revenues. It also determines a planning strategy concerning the potential spending to cut or to look at potential taxation avenues to increase.
To pay for the government’s external military operations, the government borrows money by selling bonds. This increases the risk of currency devaluation, which can harm economic health.
Reduced regulations and lower corporate income taxes improve business confidence, stimulate further employment, and promote economic growth leading to higher taxable profits and an increase in income tax revenue.
Implications of Budget Deficit
Increased aggregate demand: It implies reduced taxation and increased government spending. It has an impact on the aggregate demand that promotes economic growth.
Boost the economy during the recession: Following a recession, the economy tends to foster a marginal decrease in investment spending concerning the private sector, coupled with lower aggregate consumption and demand. A government might borrow and run a deficit to combat the situation.
Increased government spending: The government has responsibilities to take care of. It spends money on infrastructure, health care, policy developments, and social security schemes and focuses on stabilizing market dominance. It spends more than it earns.
Fiscal Policy: It may finance an expansionary fiscal policy, which involves lowering income and corporate taxes and increasing government spending on infrastructure and investments to attract foreign capital and boost economic growth.
Higher taxes in return: When the country goes through it, increasing taxation can help it earn more revenues through direct and indirect taxes. The tax slabs are increased to increase investment returns by spotting the market value in general.
Higher interest rates and bond yields: To borrow large amounts, governments often offer higher interest rates to investors and international banks that lend them money. Increased government borrowing results in higher interest rates and bond yields since investors and banks require compensation for the risk through interest payments.
Budget Deficit V/S Fiscal DeficitBudget Deficit
Fiscal Deficit
It is the gap between the government’s total receipts and expenses in revenue and capital accounts. It occurs when the overall expenditures of a government surpass the total revenue generated, excluding money borrowed.
When a business or government doesn’t make enough money to pay its bills, this situation arises. It occurs either due to a revenue deficit or a major hike in capital expenditure, including long-term assets such as factories, buildings, and other development.
Tax increases for high incomes or big businesses may be implemented to boost revenue, limiting their capacity to invest in new initiatives or recruit new staff. It is an indication of the total borrowings needed by the government.
Budget Deficit During a Recession
If the economy enters a recession, taxes will fall as income and employment fall.
At the same time, government spending will increase as people are given unemployment compensation and other transfers such as welfare payments.
Such automatic changes in revenue and expenditures work to increase the deficit.
They also work to mitigate the decrease in disposable income that households are experiencing. This maintains consumption at a higher level than would otherwise be the case.
Frequently Asked Questions(FAQs) Q1. What is the difference between Budget Deficit and a Monetary Deficit? Q2. How is the Budget Deficit assessed during recessions?Answer: If the economy enters a recession, taxes will fall as income and employment fall. At the same time, government spending will increase as people are given unemployment benefits.
Q3. How to reduce Budget Deficits?Answer: Countries reduce their budget deficits by fostering economic growth by altering their fiscal policies, such as cutting expenditures and raising taxes. Additionally, it establishes a planning framework for any potential budget reductions or increased taxation.
Q4. What is the difference between the Federal Budget Deficit and the Federal Government Debt?Answer: When government expenditure exceeds its income from taxes, charges, and investments, it results in a federal budget deficit. The national debt, or federal government debt, is increased via deficits. The debt-to-GDP ratio may skyrocket if government debt increases more quickly than the GDP, which could signal an unstable economy.
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Mixed Economic System: Definition, Examples, Working, Features
What is a Mixed Economic System?
A mixed economic system combines capitalism (private-owned sectors) and socialism (government-owned industries).
For Example, Wales, a country in the southwest of Great Britain, has incorporated a mixed economic system over the last 21 years. Because of mixed economies, there has been an improvement in the country’s employment rate.
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Key Highlights
Mixed economies maintain private ownership of most of the means of production while the government intervenes through regulations.
Mixed economies specifically socialize industries that are considered essential or produce public goods.
Some socialistic and free-market elements organize a mixed economy, which lies on a continuum between pure socialism and pure capitalism.
All known old and modern economies are examples of mixed economies, even though some economists have evaluated the economic effects of various forms of mixed economy.
How Does a Mixed Economic System Work?A mixed economic system takes on the characteristics of a planned economy and a market economy, i.e., a capitalist and a socialist system. The public and private sectors co-exist in a mixed economic system.
In a capitalist system, the government incentivizes companies to make money by finding ways to maximize efficiency and minimize costs. Here, the government does not own any company or land. Instead, it sets policies regulating the market and providing infrastructure for business owners. The government controls taxes and regulations and does not interfere with business operations. It provides public goods and collects taxes to create more social welfare.
Moreover, in a socialist system, The private sector can decide the use of capital and earn profits. Private enterprises in the market economy can set up businesses and make profits. The supply and demand of the market determine the prices of goods and services and the allocation of resources.
Examples #1: United States #2: United KingdomThe United Kingdom is a mixed economy, with the central government spending 47.3% of its GDP on the UK economy. The government provides subsidies for buying houses and has state-run industries that offer jobs to people who work in those industries.
Features
The government plays a vital role in this type of system because it oversees the companies that operate on its behalf. The government controls prices, wages, and other factors affecting business operations.
Industries that the government does not own are still subject to oversight from local officials who ensure that profits go back into the community rather than into foreign accounts or other tax havens.
There is usually some form of social safety the government provides during hard times. They may even offer jobs where there are layoffs because they want people to have options if they need them.
In terms of business, state-owned enterprises are typically monopolies meaning that only one company in the country provides a service; there is no competition. Because of this, government-owned companies are not profit-driven in the same way that private companies are.
Government-owned companies focus on providing services to people and increasing their quality of life as much as possible.
Advantages
They are suitable for the environment. It is hard to maintain a balanced economy.
It’s much easier to get things done when there is a mix of different types of economies. It is hard to establish a good relationship between the countries involved in this type of relationship.
It allows for greater equality between different types of people, businesses, and various groups within society. Companies from different countries have to compete with one another.
It makes it easier for people to get what they need because there is more opportunity for everyone’s needs to be met by someone else. The countries involved have to work together to set up their policies, which can be difficult if they have different political views.
It’s a system that allows for the free market and government intervention in certain areas, such as health care and education. People have to pay more for their goods and services because they are not benefiting from government subsidies or incentives.
It allows for the creation of large-scale infrastructure projects that would only be possible with public funding. It can result in inefficient use of resources and a lack of focus on long-term goals.
As everyone feels participating in their country’s political life, it fosters a sense of community among citizens. Contrary to a pure market economy, it is more likely to spark conflict between various social groupings.
It allows the government to create jobs by funding public-sector employment. It can lead to an unequal distribution of wealth between different groups within society, leading to social division and unrest.
Final ThoughtsA mixed economic system can be a successful way to achieve economic growth and prosperity. The key is maintaining a balance between the private and public sectors. If not, you could end up with an overly centralized system that does not allow innovation or change.
Frequently Asked Questions(FAQs) Q1. What is meant by a mixed economy?Answer: A mixed economy is a country’s economic system with both public and private ownership of the means of production. The government controls some aspects of the economy while allowing businesses to be more entrepreneurially creative.
Q2. What country uses a mixed economy?Answer: Mixed Economy ensures that it distributes income fairly and impartially. It also provides employment and job security in the country. The country has no monopoly as both public, and private sectors participate in the economic activities.
Answer: Because of a mixed economy, there is more emphasis on profit at the expense of the citizen’s welfare. There is usually a high level of mismanagement and corruption. Due to a mixed economy, the efficiency is low as the state is involved.
Q5. Why is a mixed economy better than capitalism?Answer: Mixed economies permit private participation in production, allowing healthy competition that may result in profit. They also contribute to public ownership in manufacturing, which addresses social welfare needs.
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What Is Basis Risk? Definition And Types Of Basis Risk, Examples
Basis Risk
The risk that the spread between the futures price and the spot price may widen or narrow
Written by
CFI Team
Published April 24, 2023
Updated July 7, 2023
What is Basis Risk?Basis risk is defined as the inherent risk a trader takes when hedging a position by taking a contrary position in a derivative of the asset, such as a futures contract. Basis risk is accepted in an attempt to hedge away price risk.
As an example, if the current spot price of gold is $1190 and the price of gold in the June gold futures contract is $1195, then the basis, the differential, is $5.00. Basis risk is the risk that the futures price might not move in normal, steady correlation with the price of the underlying asset, and that this fluctuation in the basis may negate the effectiveness of a hedging strategy employed to minimize a trader’s exposure to potential loss. The price spread (difference) between the cash price and the futures price may either widen or narrow.
Hedging StrategiesA hedging strategy is one where a trader adopts a second market position for the purpose of minimizing the risk exposure in the initial market position. The strategy may involve taking a futures position contrary to one’s market position in the underlying asset. For example, a trader might sell futures short to offset a long, buy position in the underlying asset. The idea behind the strategy is that at least part of any potential loss in the underlying asset position will be offset by profits in the hedge futures position.
When large investments are involved, basis risk can have a significant effect on eventual profits or losses realized. Even a modest change in the basis can make the difference between bagging a profit and suffering a loss. The inherently imperfect correlation between cash and futures prices means there is potential for both excess gains and excess losses. This risk that is specifically associated with a futures hedging strategy is the basis risk.
Components of Basis RiskRisk can never be altogether eliminated in investments. However, risk can be at least somewhat mitigated. Thus, when a trader enters into a futures contract to hedge against possible price fluctuations, they are at least partly changing the inherent “price risk” into another form of risk, known as “basis risk”. Basis risk is considered a systematic, or market, risk. Systematic risk is the risk arising from the inherent uncertainty of the markets. Unsystematic, or non-systematic, risk, which is the risk associated with a specific investment. The risk of a general economic turndown, or depression, is an example of systematic risk. The risk that Apple may lose market share to a competitor is unsystematic risk.
Between the time a futures position is initiated and closed out, the spread between the futures price and the spot price may widen or narrow. As the visual representation below shows, the normal tendency is for the basis spread to narrow. As the futures contract nears expiration, the futures price usually converges toward the spot price. This logically happens as the futures contract becomes less and less “future” in nature. However, this common narrowing of the basis spread is not guaranteed to occur.
Hedging with Futures ContractsSuppose a rice farmer wants to hedge against possible price fluctuations in the market. For example, in December, he decides to enter into a short-sell position in a futures contract in order to limit his exposure to a possible decline in the cash price prior to the time when he will sell his crop in the cash market. Assume that the spot price of rice is $50 and the futures price for a March futures contract is $55. The basis, then, is $5.00 (the futures price minus the spot price). In this situation the market is in contango, i.e., the spot price is less than the futures price.
Suppose the farmer decides to lift the hedge in February, due to falling prices. At the time he decides to close out his market positions, the spot price is $47 and the March futures price is $49. He sells his rice crop at $47 per unit and lifts his hedge by buying futures to close out his short sell position at $49. In this case, his $3 per unit loss in the cash market is more than offset by his $6 gain from short selling futures ($55 – $49). Therefore, his net sales revenue becomes $53 ($47 cash price + $6 futures profit). The farmer has enjoyed extra profits as a result of the basis narrowing from $5 to $2.
If the basis remained constant, then the farmer would not gain any extra profit, nor incur any additional loss. His $3.00 profit in futures would have exactly offset the $3.00 loss in the cash market. It’s important to note, however, that while his short sell hedge in futures didn’t generate any additional profit, it did successfully protect him from the price decline in the cash market. If he had not taken the futures position, then he would have suffered a $3.00 per unit loss.
The other possible scenario would be where the cash market price declined while the futures price increased. Suppose when the farmer closed out his short sell futures hedge, the cash price was $47 but the futures price was $57. Then he would have lost $3.00 per unit in the cash market and lost an additional $2.00 in his short futures trade ($57 – $55). His net sales revenue would be only $45 per unit. Why the extra loss? Because in this instance the basis widened, as opposed to narrowing or remaining constant. It was the opposite of the basis pattern the farmer was looking for to successfully hedge his cash crop. In this case, the farmer took the basis risk and lost.
It’s also worth noting that a buyer of rice, looking to hedge against a possible cash market increase in the price of rice, would have bought futures as a hedge. That hedger would realize maximum profit from the third scenario, where the basis widened from $5.00 to $10.00.
Different Types of Basis RiskDifferent types include:
Price basis risk: The risk that occurs when the prices of the asset and its futures contract do not move in tandem with each other.
Location basis risk: The risk that arises when the underlying asset is in a different location from the where the futures contract is traded. For example, the basis between actual crude oil sold in Mumbai and crude oil futures traded on a Dubai futures exchange may differ from the basis between Mumbai crude oil and Mumbai-traded crude oil futures.
Calendar basis risk: The selling date of the spot market position may be different from the expiry date of a futures market contract.
Product quality basis risk: When the properties or qualities of the asset are different from that of the asset as represented by the futures contract.
Main TakeawaysBasis risk is the risk that is inherent whenever a trader attempts to hedge a market position in an asset by adopting a contrary position in a derivative of the asset, such as a futures contract. Basis risk is accepted in an attempt to hedge away price risk. If the basis remains constant until the trader closes out both of his positions, then he will have successfully hedged his market position. If the basis has changed significantly, then he will likely experience extra profits or increased losses. Producers looking to hedge their market position will profit from a narrowing basis spread, while buyers will profit from a widening basis.
More ResourcesThank you for reading CFI’s guide on Basis Risk. To prepare for the FMVA curriculum, these additional resources will be helpful:
What Are The Legal Implications Of Chatgpt?
Generative AI tools like ChatGPT are capable of quickly generating human-sounding text for various purposes.
However, the surging popularity of these tools has led to concerns about the implications of their development and use. Some of these potential issues include:
Being aware of these issues can help you use ChatGPT safely and responsibly.
ChatGPT legal issue 1: Data privacyThe widespread use of ChatGPT raises concerns about data privacy and regulation.
ChatGPT conversationsOpenAI (the developer of ChatGPT) generally stores ChatGPT conversations as training material for future models. This could potentially lead to legal issues if users input confidential or sensitive information that is later reproduced by the tool.
For example, if an employer were to use ChatGPT to draft employee contracts, it’s possible that personal data such as employees’ names, addresses, and income information could be saved as future training material.
To prevent conversations being used in this way, users can manually disable chat history. They can also request that OpenAI delete the content of their past conversations.
Data regulationUsers should familiarize themselves with relevant laws pertaining to the use of their data.
Two important privacy regulations that OpenAI claims to adhere to are:
CCPA (California Consumer Privacy Act), which protects the privacy rights of Californian citizens
GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation), which protects the privacy and data rights of EU citizens
Moreover, the undeclared use of these tools by businesses can have legal implications. For example, the California Bot Disclosure Law dictates that businesses using generative AI tools in consumer interactions (e.g., in customer support communications) must clearly indicate this to consumers.
ChatGPT legal issue 2: Copyright infringementChatGPT’s training process and outputs may raise copyright issues.
Training dataChatGPT is trained on vast quantities of internet sources. The usage of some of these sources may infringe on the intellectual property rights of third parties.
EU regulators are currently developing legislation to ensure transparency about the sources used in training AI algorithms.
However, it’s unclear how such problems will ultimately be resolved. In the US, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has previously used a measure called “algorithmic disgorgement.” This requires companies to delete algorithms that were trained on improperly sourced data.
Ownership of outputsIt’s somewhat unclear who actually owns the copyright of ChatGPT outputs.
According to OpenAI’s terms of use, users have the right to reproduce ChatGPT outputs for any purpose, including publication (as long as the publisher allows the use of AI writing, of course).
However, ChatGPT outputs are not always unique. This could lead to potential legal issues if the same output is used commercially by different users. OpenAI’s policy doesn’t really clarify this issue. It states: “Other users may also ask similar questions and receive the same response. Responses that are requested by and generated for other users are not considered your Content.”
OpenAI also claims that users are legally responsible for the content of such outputs, meaning users may be liable if they reproduce an output that contains copyrighted material. However, it’s not clear how users can know whether this is the case, as the tool is unable to provide accurate citations.
Users should be aware of such issues and use AI-generated outputs as a source of inspiration instead of reproducing them verbatim.
ChatGPT legal issue 3: Reproducing biases/inaccurate informationChatGPT is trained on large datasets which may include hidden biases or limitations.
The tool itself does not have the ability to understand the implications of its outputs. In spite of OpenAI’s efforts to eliminate these problems, ChatGPT is not always trustworthy and still occasionally generates responses that contain discriminatory or inaccurate information.
For example, in April 2023, an Australian mayor began a defamation lawsuit against OpenAI for ChatGPT’s inaccurate claim that he was arrested and charged with bribery in 2012.
Users who publish inaccurate information generated by ChatGPT could potentially suffer reputational damage or, in extreme cases, even charges of libel.
It’s important to verify the accuracy of AI-generated responses against a credible source and to critically consider the risk of bias on any topic.
Other interesting articlesIf you want more tips on using AI tools, understanding plagiarism, and citing sources, make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations, examples, and formats.
Frequently asked questions about ChatGPT Cite this Scribbr articleRyan, E. (2023, July 06). What Are the Legal Implications of ChatGPT?. Scribbr. Retrieved July 19, 2023,
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Definition, Syntax, With Code Implementation
Definition of TypeScript Set Method
In TypeScript, a novel data structure has been added to ES6 JavaScript version known as set. This helps in storing data of distinct values that occur only once into a list that is available in different programming languages like C#, Java, etc. Even though this data structure is almost similar to maps, it cannot store pairs of key values, but only keys. As the objects of the set are a group of values, it can be iterated through those items in a particular order. In this article, we will be discussing the different aspects of set in typescript.
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Below is the syntax of the typescript set.
let setobj = new Set(); Methods of TypeScript SetFollowing are the different methods of set in Typescript.
Method: add(val)
Description: This method helps in adding values to the set.
Method: has(val)
Description: This method checks whether the value passed in the method is present in the set or not. If it is present, true will be returned. Else, false will be returned.
Method: delete()
Description: This method helps in removing values from the set.
Method: size()
Description: This method helps in returning the size of the set.
Method: clear()
Description: This method helps in removing all values from the set.
ExamplesLet us discuss Examples of TypeScript Set.
Example #1: Program that creates a set and add values to it.Code:
let marks = new Set(); marks.add(21); marks.add(23); marks.add(13); console.log("The marks in the Set are:"); console.log(marks);Sample Output:
Example #2: Program that creates a set and add values to it using add() method chainingCode:
let marks = new Set(); marks.add(21).add(23).add(13); console.log("The marks in the Set are:"); console.log(marks);Sample Output:
Example #3: Program that creates a set and checks whether a particular value is present in it.Code:
let marks = new Set(); marks.add(21).add(23).add(13); console.log("The marks in the Set are:"); console.log(marks); console.log(marks.has(21)); console.log(marks.has(34));Sample Output:
Example #4: Program that creates a set and finds the size of the set.Code:
let marks = new Set(); marks.add(21).add(23).add(13); console.log("The marks in the Set are:"); console.log(marks); console.log("The size of the set is:"); console.log(marks.size);Sample Output:
Example #5: Program that creates a set and removes a particular element from it.Code:
let marks = new Set(); marks.add(21).add(23).add(13) ; console.log("The marks in the Set are:") ; console.log(marks); console.log("The size of the set is:"); console.log(marks.size) ; console.log(marks.delete(23) ) ; console.log("The updated size of the set is:") ; console.log(marks.size) ; console.log("The updates elements in the Set are:"); console.log(marks);Sample Output:
Example #6: Typescript program that creates a set and removes all the elements from it.Code:
let marks = new Set(); marks.add(21).add(23).add(13); console.log("The marks in the Set are:"); console.log(marks) ; console.log("The size of the set is:") ; console.log(marks.size) ; marks.clear() ; console.log("The updated size of the set is:") ; console.log(marks.size) ; console.log("The updates elements in the Set are:") ; console.log(marks) ;Sample Output:
ConclusionA data structure known as a set has been added to ES6 JavaScript that helps in storing data of distinct values that occur only once into a list that is available in different programming languages like C#, Java, etc.
Recommended ArticlesWe hope that this EDUCBA information on “TypeScript Set” was beneficial to you. You can view EDUCBA’s recommended articles for more information.
Dyslexia Causes Symptoms Diagnosis And Treatment
Dyslexia is a reading disorder in which a person mostly through his childhood finds it difficult to read and write. He may suffer difficulty in speaking fast, identifying numbers and letters, spelling words, or writing words. He may not be able to process the letters or words he is hearing. These difficulties are often noticed first at school.
Many times, the students are held responsible for not giving attention to classes, however, this might not be the problem. It has been many times found that the dyslexic child tries to concentrate more than a normal child, he understands well but due to this condition, he is unable to process it properly.
The genesis of dyslexia may be due to a variety of reasons. Genetic reasons are the most common cause of dyslexia. It is divided into two types depending on the reasons for dyslexia development dyslexia and acquired dyslexia. In acquired dyslexia, a person suffers some neurotic trauma or head injury. They may exhibit the same symptoms as that with developmental dyslexia.
The person suffering from dyslexia mainly suffers from a lonely childhood, as he is always being boycotted from playgroups, families not being supportive enough, and teachers think that the student is responsible for failure. But the fact is no one can analyze the reason for his condition. Love and extra attention are needed for these students.
Dyslexia: CausesNo specific reason is held responsible for dyslexia. It can be due to any of the factors, or the combination of factors listed below. The following are the important causes of developing dyslexia −
Genetics. Dyslexia is linked to the genes of the person. If a person has a positive history of dyslexia in the family, he is more likely to be diagnosed with it.
Neurological reasons. Many studies have shown that children suffering from dyslexia have both structural and functional problems in the brain. The electrical activity responsible for a person to read and write is less active in this child. The reason for this is not known.
Language. Some of the languages are difficult to grasp. The sound the words produces is sometimes not exactly how they are written. This creates confusion in a person’s mind and may become the cause of dyslexia.
Dyslexia: SymptomsDyslexia is identified in childhood, and this makes it very important to read the first symptoms of it. A child if not handled properly may behave negatively and not be able to read and write, their career of his might be in jeopardy. Some of the patients acquired dyslexia due to head injuries and trauma or stress. They start showing symptoms after the incident.
The patient with dyslexia mainly presents with the following symptoms that include −
Difficulty reading letters and words.
Difficulty in writing.
Not being able to distinguish between letters for ex- ‘b’ and ‘’d’.
Having difficulty understanding numbers.
Spending a lot of time trying to learn but without positive results.
Trying to hide his inability to read or write by making fun of himself and others and getting into difficulties.
Fighting in class to hide insecurities.
Trying to be alone at all times.
School bunking
Some of the children may start talking very late.
Unable to spell the words.
Not reading aloud in the classroom.
Taking a long time in writing or complete homework.
Bad handwriting.
Trying to excuse himself from any school competition and everything
Dyslexia: Risk FactorsDyslexia is not a disease, it’s a condition that makes it difficult for a person to identify or process numbers and letters. For a normal person, it may look easy but a dyslexic child or teen may find it very difficult. There are several risk factors responsible for the development of dyslexia.
Family history. Some families have dyslexia in their generation, and the next generation may be dyslexic. It is better to be ready to track the early signs.
Head injury. If a person gets any head injury or has been under trauma, he may acquire dyslexia. In these, the patient will have the same symptom as normal dyslexia.
Dyslexia can be caught in childhood and with the care and special attention of teachers and family, the same may be treated. But if not, it may grow and the child may never be treated and he may learn to live with it all through his years. He may start accepting that he is right despite being wrong.
Dyslexia: DiagnosisThe diagnosis of dyslexia is mainly based on an assessment of the work that the child is doing in the classroom and his performance. He may be asked a series of questions and may be asked to perform some of the tasks. Some of the methods employed are −
Questions. Questions related to the family history of the child, his parents, and his grandparents’ medical history. Also, the delivery whether premature or normal can be asked about.
Questionnaire. Various questions may be asked related to the onset of the problem the child is facing. His notebooks may be checked, and he may be asked to read aloud and write letters for verification.
Ear test. Some children may have problems with the ear and that may be the reason for the wrong understanding of the words.
Brain and other tests. Some other tests may be required to rule out any other disease.
Dyslexia: TreatmentThere is no medicinal or surgical treatment available for dyslexia. The only way to treat is to manage it and look for early symptoms. The more early the problem is detected the easier it is to solve. Some of the treatment steps may be taken.
Teachers. Specialist teachers are best to deal with these cases. They understand the problem with the child and will be able to take care of all the nuisances. If detected early they will help the child from the very beginning.
Schools. Some of the schools take extra care of these children. They relax the examination procedure and give extra time for these children.
Family. The family is the quintessential factor in the diagnosis and treatment. In this competitive world, the family must understand the problem with the child and must provide all the necessary care and attention.
Dyslexia: PreventionDyslexia can’t be prevented it can only be managed. It is, however, possible to treat it if caught early. Some of the preventive measures a family must take are listed below −
Understand the problem of your child
Give him love and support
Detect his problem early and provide him with special education
Read with him aloud
Try to make him understand his condition and provide relief that it is not a disease
Give importance to the child
Be his best friend
Talk to him regularly
Be in touch with the teachers and friends of your child
ConclusionDyslexia is not a disease it’s a learning condition in which a person confuses with the words he is hearing and what the mind process. He may not be able to read or write properly, not be able to distinguish between alphabets or numbers.
The reason for dyslexia is not known and there is no medicine or surgeries available. The only way to treat this is an early diagnosis by parents and teachers. Also, love, support, and care are required to make a child past go this problem.
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